This book is a guide to training and preparing to respond to active threats, commonly manifest as an active shooter, and an introduction to tactics to defeat an active threat and direct post- incident investigation of an active threat incident. Written by law enforcement to serve small and midsize police departments and sheriffs’ offices, school districts, fire services, and community leaders. We recognize that approximately 97% of the nation’s 13,000-plus general service police departments and sheriffs’ offices serve communities of 100,000 people or less, and about two-thirds of America’s law enforcement agencies serve communities of 10,000 or fewer people.
This book is a guide to training and preparing to respond to active threats, commonly manifest as an active shooter, and an introduction to tactics to defeat an active threat and direct post- incident investigation of an active threat incident. Written by law enforcement to serve small and midsize police departments and sheriffs’ offices, school districts, fire services, and community leaders. We recognize that approximately 97% of the nation’s 13,000-plus general service police departments and sheriffs’ offices serve communities of 100,000 people or less, and about two-thirds of America’s law enforcement agencies serve communities of 10,000 or fewer people.
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Lessons Learned 1.2. Deadliest Incidents 1.3. Active Shooter Profile 1.4. Evolving Police Tactics 1.5. Terms Used 2. HISTORY OF SCHOOL VIOLENCE, ACTIVE SHOOTERS AND MASS CASUALTY EVENTS 2.1. A Fluid History 2.2. A Shift to Random Strangers 2.3. Predictable is Preventable 3. PREDICTING, PREVENTING AND PREPARING FOR AN ACTIVE SHOOTER AND MASS CASUALTY EVENT 3.1. Helping the Public Help the Police 3.2. Critical Agency Preparation 3.3. Preparing with Fire and EMS Services 3.4. EMS Rescue Task Force 3.5. Fire Service Response for Improvised Explosive Devices 3.6. Up Above My Head 3.7. Don’t Wait for the Perfect Training Plan 3.8. Prepare with Cutting Edge Technology 3.9. Individual Officer Preparation 3.10. School Resource Officer Preparation 3.11. Human Resources’ Role in Screening, Prevention and Training 3.12. Introduction to Threat Assessment 3.13. Countering Homegrown Terrorists 3.14. Accessing Existing Intelligence Resources 3.15. Working with the Community to Gather Appropriate Intelligence 3.16. Target Identification and Threat Assessment 3.17. Creating an Emergency Action and Evacuation Plan 3.18. Train Others on How to Act When the Police Arrive 3.19. Teaching Run, Hide, Fight in your Community 3.20. Alternative Response Approaches 3.21. How Firefighters Prepare for Major Building Fires 4. OVERVIEW OF INCIDENT COMMAND THEORY AND SYSTEM 4.1. Origins of Incident Command 4.2. Single Command Point 5. POLICE TRAINING FOR ACTIVE SHOOTER RESPONSE 5.1. Shift in Training Needs 5.2. Training for a Tactical Response 5.3. Two Officer Response 5.4. Slicing the Pie 5.5. Four Officer Response 5.6. Passing Open Doorways 5.7. Self-Deploying Officers 5.8. Marksmanship Training 5.9. Use of Suppressive and Cover Fire 5.10. Secondary Teams 5.11. Dealing with Lawfully Armed Persons, Including Parents and Teachers 5.12. Zones of Diminishing Threat 5.13. Combat Tactical Breathing 6. PARTICULAR THREAT VENUES 6.1. Potential Targets 6.2. Hardening the Target and Controlling Access 6.3. Public Utility Operations 6.4. Health Care Facilities 6.5. Recreation and Sports Venues 6.6. Lockdown Drills & Coordination with First Responders 7. SPECIALIZED DISPATCH TRAINING 7.1. First on the Scene 7.2. Questions to Assist Responding Officers 7.3. Information to Assist the Caller 7.4. Emerging Technologies 8. MASS CASUALTY EVENT INVESTIGATIVE RESPONSE 8.1. Official Report 8.2. Mass Casualty Event Scene 8.3. Mass Casualty Witness Issues 8.4. Suspect Investigation 8.5. Swatting 9. AFTERCARE FOR FIRST RESPONDERS 9.1. Preparation 9.2. Peer Support 9.3. Social Media Management 9.4. EAP/RAP REFERENCES INDEX
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